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Synthesis of helical aromatics for applications in enantioselective catalysis and nanoscience
Klívar, Jiří ; Stará, Irena (advisor) ; Hrdina, Radim (referee) ; Církva, Vladimír (referee)
The aim of this work was to explore the scope and limitations of [2+2+2] co- cyclotrimerization of cyanodiynes in the preparation of conformationally stable and optionally optically pure azahelicenes, helically chiral bipyridines and helicenes laterally extended by a pyridine unit. As a key reaction for the construction of a helical skeleton, crucial [2+2+2] (co-)cyclotrimerization mediated by various transition metal complexes was chosen for the preparation of racemic azahelicenes. Oligoynes as key intermediates were prepared by a sequence of Sonogashira and Suzuki-Miyaura coupling. For optically pure azahelicenes and bispyridohelicenes, a sequence of Sonogashira and Suzuki-Miyaura coupling and Mitsunobu reaction was used. Importantly, the Mitsunobu reaction was used for its extraordinary ability to transfer chirality from the starting chiral alcohol to the early helicene precursor without configurational scrambling. It is worth noting that optical purity of the key oligoynes have crucial role in the chirality transfer to final azahelicenes or bispyridohelicenes. An in situ generated Ni(0) catalyst was used for bispyridohelicenes with a connection in the 2,2'-position, which enabled both [2+2+2] cyclotrimerization and Ullmann-type coupling. The conformationally stable racemic aza[6]- and...
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Synthesis and application of helicene-based N-heterocyclic carbene ligands
Gay Sánchez, Isabel ; Starý, Ivo (advisor) ; Veselý, Jan (referee) ; Pour, Milan (referee)
The aim of my PhD Thesis was to explore the potential of helically chiral N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) ligands in asymmetric catalysis. Helicenes and helicene-like molecules are inherently chiral. Their application in this field has been rather limited. To date, only a few examples of enantiopure helically chiral NHCs have been described in the literature. Using a well-established method based on the diastereoselective metal catalysed [2+2+2] cycloisomerisation of centrally chiral triynes as the key step, I have synthesised a series of optically pure 2H-pyran based penta- and hexahelicenes bearing an amino group on the terminal benzene ring. The triynes were prepared by a sequence of Sonogashira and Mitsunobu coupling reactions using the commercially available (S)-but-3-yn-2-ol as the source of chirality. The resulting aminooxa[5]- and aminooxa[6]helicenes were then converted into the corresponding 1,3-disubstituted imidazolium salts, from which, upon deprotonation, the helically chiral N- heterocyclic carbenes were generated. To evaluate the performance of the new helically chiral ligands, the enantioselective Ni0 - catalysed [2+2+2] intramolecular cycloisomerisation of prochiral triynes to nonracemic dibenzohelicenes was chosen as a model reaction. All the synthesised imidazolium salts provided,...
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Catalytic Enantioselective Desymmetrization of meso-Epoxides
Malatinec, Štefan ; Kotora, Martin (advisor) ; Baszczyňski, Ondřej (referee)
Catalytic enantioselective desymmetrization of meso-epoxides is widely used in many areas of chemistry. Such process is usually catalyzed by a transition metal complex with a chiral ligand. Recently, a synthesis of an analogue of Bolm's 2,2'-bipyridine ligand was developed and its combination with metal salts were tested in various reactions. In this master's thesis, a catalytic system composed of Sc(OTf)3/Bolm's ligand analogue was studied in alcoholysis and aminolysis of the meso- epoxides. The reaction has been extended to a broad range of alcohols providing 1,2-diol monoethers in excellent enantioselectivity up to 99% ee. The aminolysis of meso-epoxides has been optimized, as well. The catalyst loading could be lowered to 1 mol% with only marginal effects on the enantioselectivity. Key words: epoxides, enantioselective catalysis, chiral ligands.
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